Safavid dynasty Wikipedia. Safavid dynasty 1The Expansive Realm of Iran2 3The Country of Iran4Empire. Capital. Tabriz1. Qazvin1. 55. 51. Isfahan1. Languages. Persian official,7 coinage,89 civil administration,1. Isfahan became capital,1. Reinforced Concrete Design By H J ShahadeAzerbaijani court,1. GeorgianCircassianArmenian court2. Religion. Twelver. Shia Islam. Government. Monarchy. Shahanshah  1. Reinforced Concrete Design By H J ShaheenCONTROL OF CRACKING IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES 224R3 represents the stress field ahead of a sharp crack in a structural member which is a function of the crack geometry and. Ismail Ifirst  1. Abbas IIIlastGrand Vizier  1. Mohammad Zakariya Kujujifirst  1. Nader Qoli BeglastLegislature. Council of State. History  Establishment of the Safaviyya by Safi ad din Ardabili. Established. 15. 01  Hotaki Invasion. Reconquest under Nader Shah. Disestablished. March 8, 1. Nader Shah crowned. October 1. 73. 6Area. Currency. Tuman, Abbasi incl. Abazi, Shahi. 2. Tuman 5. Abbasi. Tuman 5. 0 French Livre. Tuman 3 6s 8d. State religion. The Safavid dynasty Persian Dudmn e Safavi2. Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history. The Safavid shahs ruled over one of the so called gunpowder empires. They ruled one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th century Muslim conquest of Iran,2. Twelver school of Shia Islam as the official religion of the empire,3. Muslim history. The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safaviyya. Sufi order, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Azerbaijan region. It was of mixed ancestry Kurdish3. JPG' alt='Reinforced Concrete Design By H J Shahangian' title='Reinforced Concrete Design By H J Shahangian' />Azerbaijani,3. Georgian,3. Circassian, and Pontic Greek3. From their base in Ardabil, the Safavids established control over parts of Greater Iran and reasserted the Iranian identity of the region,3. Sasanian Empire to establish a unified Iranian state. The Safavids ruled from 1. Iran, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Armenia, most of Georgia, the North Caucasus, Iraq, Kuwait, and Afghanistan, as well as parts of Turkey, Syria, Pakistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Despite their demise in 1. Persia as an economic stronghold between East and West, the establishment of an efficient state and bureaucracy based upon checks and balances, their architectural innovations and their patronage for fine arts. The Safavids have also left their mark down to the present era by spreading Shia Islam in Iran, as well as major parts of the Caucasus, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia. Genealogyancestors of the Safavids and its multi cultural identity. The Safavid Kings themselves claimed to be Seyyeds,4. Islamic prophet Muhammad, although many scholars have cast doubt on this claim. There seems now to be a consensus among scholars that the Safavid family hailed from Persian Kurdistan,3. Azerbaijan, finally settling in the 1. CE at Ardabil. Traditional pre 1. Safavid manuscripts trace the lineage of the Safavids to the Kurdish dignitary, Firuz Shah Zarin Kulah. According to some historians,4. Richard Frye, the Safavids were of Turkicized Iranian origin 3. The Turkish speakers of Azerbaijan are mainly descended from the earlier Iranian speakers, several pockets of whom still exist in the region. A massive migration of Oghuz Turks in the 1. Turkified Azerbaijan but also Anatolia. The Azeri Turks are Shiites and were founders of the Safavid dynasty. Other historians, such as Vladimir Minorsky4. Roger Savory, support this idea 4. From the evidence available at the present time, it is certain that the Safavid family was of indigenous Iranian stock, and not of Turkish ancestry as it is sometimes claimed. It is probable that the family originated in Persian Kurdistan, and later moved to Azerbaijan, where they adopted the Azari form of Turkish spoken there, and eventually settled in the small town of Ardabil sometimes during the eleventh century. By the time of the establishment of the Safavid empire, the members of the family were native Turkish speaking and Turkicized,1. The Safavid dynasty s f v d Persian Dudmn e Safavi was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. Manuscript title Authors Soil Nutrient Availability As Affected By Long Term Tillage And Mineral Fertilization procedia. ICONTES42110952. DK8293C000. Page iii Wednesday, October 25, 2006 205 PM. Reinforced Concrete Design WITH FRP Composites. Title Page. Hota V. S. GangaRao Narendra Taly P. Descargar Pack Drivers Windows 7 Ultimate here. V. Vijay. Shahs composed poems in their native Turkish language. Concurrently, the Shahs themselves also supported Persian literature, poetry and art projects including the grand Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp,4. Shahs composed Persian poetry as well. The authority of the Safavids was religiously based, and their claim to legitimacy was founded on being direct male descendants of the Ali,5. Muhammad, and regarded by Shiites as the first Imam. Furthermore, the dynasty was from the very start thoroughly intermarried with both Pontic Greek as well as Georgian lines. In addition, from the official establishment of the dynasty in 1. Circassian as well as again Georgian dignitaries, especially with the advent of king Tahmasp I. BackgroundThe Safavid Sufi Order. Safavid history begins with the establishment of the Safaviyya by its eponymous founder Safi ad din Ardabili 1. In 7. 001. 30. 1, Safi al Din assumed the leadership of the Zahediyeh, a significant Sufi order in Gilan, from his spiritual master and father in law Zahed Gilani. Due to the great spiritual charisma of Safi al Din, the order was later known as the Safaviyya. The Safavid order soon gained great influence in the city of Ardabil, and Hamdullah Mustaufi noted that most of the people of Ardabil were followers of Safi al Din. Religious poetry from Safi al Din, written in the Old Azari language5. Northwestern Iranian languageand accompanied by a paraphrase in Persian that helps its understanding, has survived to this day and has linguistic importance. After Saf al Dn, the leadership of the Safaviyya passed to Sadr al Dn Ms 7. The order at this time was transformed into a religious movement that conducted religious propaganda throughout Persia, Syria and Asia Minor, and most likely had maintained its Sunni Shafiite origin at that time. The leadership of the order passed from Sadr ud Dn Ms to his son Khwdja Ali 1. Ibrhm 1. 42. When Shaykh Junayd, the son of Ibrhim, assumed the leadership of the Safaviyya in 1. Safavid movement was radically changed. According to R. M. Savory, Sheikh Junayd was not content with spiritual authority and he sought material power. At that time, the most powerful dynasty in Persia was that of the Kara Koyunlu, the Black Sheep, whose ruler Jahan Shah ordered Junyd to leave Ardabil or else he would bring destruction and ruin upon the city. Junayd sought refuge with the rival of Kara Koyunlu Jahan Shah, the Aq Qoyunlu White Sheep TurkomansKhan. Uzun Hassan, and cemented his relationship by marrying Uzun Hassans sister, Khadija Begum. Junayd was killed during an incursion into the territories of the Shirvanshah and was succeeded by his son Haydar Safavi. Haydar married Martha Alamshah Begom,3. Uzun Hassans daughter, who gave birth to Ismail I, founder of the Safavid dynasty. Marthas mother Theodorabetter known as Despina Khatun5. Pontic Greek princess, the daughter of the Grand Komnenos. The Very Best Of Garnett Silk S on this page. John IV of Trebizond. She had been married to Uzun Hassan5. Grand Komnenos from the Ottomans. After Uzun Hassans death, his son Yaqub felt threatened by the growing Safavid religious influence. Yaqub allied himself with the Shirvanshah and killed Haydar in 1. By this time, the bulk of the Safaviyya were nomadic Oghuz Turkic speaking clans from Asia Minor and Azerbaijan and were known as Qizilbash Red Heads because of their distinct red headgear. The Qizilbash were warriors, spiritual followers of Haydar, and a source of the Safavid military and political power. After the death of Haydar, the Safaviyya gathered around his son Ali Mirza Safavi, who was also pursued and subsequently killed by Yaqub.