Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Design Program
I designed my compressed air turbine in Inkscape. Everything was kind of made up as I went along since Id never used the program, and had no purpose in mind for the. The Secret History Of The World Jonathan Black Pdf. Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Design Program' title='Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Design Program' />Selecting a Combined Cycle Water Chemistry Program. The lifeblood of the combined cycle plant is its water chemistry program. This is particularly true for plants designed for high pressures and temperatures as well as fast starts and cycling. Even though such plants are increasingly common, no universal chemistry program can be used for all of them. In 1. 95. 7, just a little more than 5. HRSG was connected to a gas turbine and the combined cycle power plant was born. However, it was not until the mid 1. Black Books Special Edition'>Black Books Special Edition. Development of the combined cycle power plant design has rapidly improved, and today a variety of both simple and complex plant configurations exist. As designers strive to optimize cycle efficiency and heat recovery, the designs grow more intricate, involving multiple pressure circuits, complex piping arrangements, and exotic materials. These increases in cycle complexity and efficiency have also been associated with increases in the number of HRSG tube failures. Data compiled by the Electric Power Research Institute EPRI indicated that of the top five modes of HRSG tube failure, four flow accelerated corrosion, corrosion fatigue, under deposit corrosion, and pitting had links to or could be influenced by cycle chemistry. See the sidebar for additional resources on these subjects. In the past, many attempted to apply the same guidelines established for industrial water tube drum type boilers to combined cycle power plants. Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Design Program' title='Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Design Program' />For instance, in 1. ASME Research Committee on Water and Steam in Thermal Systems published a Consensus on Operating Practices for the Control of Feedwater and Boiler Water Chemistry in Modern Industrial Boilers ASME Publication CRTD 3. HRSGs used in combined cycle power plants from this original consensus document. Upcoming Webinar AxSTREAM ION as a Tool for Cooled Gas Turbine Unit Performance Calculations and Improvements. In this 1hour webinar, attendees will receive an. Images/gtmimage001.gif' alt='Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Design Program' title='Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Design Program' />Engineered for maximum flexibility. Topclass performance for oil and gas industry as well as industrial power generation. Turn to Toshiba and Put Our Turbine Generator Expertise To Work For You. Toshiba America Energy Systems Corporation TAES provides energy industry solutions new. AIRCOOLED CONDENSERS Chemistry, corrosion, performance, OM dominate annual usergroup program. By Steven C Stultz, Consulting Editor. The eighth annual meeting of. As the volume of operating experience on HRSG and combined cycle power plants grew, it became clear that this class of power generating equipment had unique chemistry considerations that needed to be addressed in a different fashion than typical water tube drum type industrial or power boilers. In fact, last year the ASME Research Committee on Water and Steam in Thermal Systems issued recommendations specific to combined cycle power plants. What Makes Combined Cycle Plants SpecialThere are so many different design configurations that selecting the proper chemistry plan and establishing optimal chemistry operating limits can be challenging. Therefore, it is impossible to develop universal guidelines. Unlike most conventional fossil or nuclear power units, combined cycle power plants generally operate at several temperatures and pressures. Multi pressure HRSG circuits low pressure LP, intermediate pressure IP, and high pressure HP within a common HRSG casing are the norm rather than the exception, and these different circuits may be drum circuits, once through circuits, or a combination of both styles. Combined cycle plants also are designed with complex flow patterns during startup, some tubes in the HRSG may sit stagnant or even flow in the opposite direction from operation. IP steam may be utilized for combustion turbine cooling. The unit may be designed for fast starts or rapid cycling, which can strain a chemistry program by restricting the plants ability to tolerate chemistry holds, which have been standard fare in traditional fossil units. Alcatel 4200 Programming Software here. A whole host of design and operation variations can exist and may affect the choice of chemistry program and limits. By carefully considering each specific units design and operational parameters, however, a solid chemical treatment plan can be developed that balances the top concerns of plant operators today flexibility, cycling service, economics, and ease of use coupled with the need to protect and maintain plant assets. Todays Treatment Programs. Four basic types of cycle chemistry programs are described by EPRI, ASME, the International Association for the Properties of Steam and Water, and other entities. They are phosphate treatment, caustic treatment, all volatile treatment, and oxygenated treatment programs. Phosphate and caustic treatment programs are only applicable to drum style units, while oxygenated and all volatile programs can be implemented on once through or drum style units. Phosphate Treatment Programs. Phosphate treatment programs for boiler waters have been around for nearly 7. Coordinated phosphate chemistry was first introduced in the 1. Whirl and Purcell and was based on the addition of trisodium phosphate TSP to the drum water. In the 1. 95. 0s, congruent phosphate treatment was introduced. This program, which was based on maintaining a sodium to phosphate ratio in the range of 2. Despite the successes that many plants experienced operating on the congruent phosphate program, some units, particularly those operating at higher pressures greater than 2,0. The 1. 99. 0s brought another phosphate treatment program in response to those units that were having difficulty with phosphate hideout equilibrium phosphate treatment. The theory behind equilibrium phosphate treatment was that each unit must independently determine its own equilibrium point for phosphate. This approach considers the different operating conditions of each boiler, such as boiler firing rate, unit cleanliness, heat flux, and fuel variations, all of which can affect the maximum concentration of phosphate that a unit can tolerate without scale building up on boiler surfaces. The shift to equilibrium phosphate treatment was a positive step for many operators dealing with phosphate hideout issues however, implementation of this program was sometimes confusing, and some of the units operating on equilibrium chemistry still experienced failures, but now the failures were linked to hydrogen damage. The latest revision to this long history of phosphate drum water treatment programs is the phosphate continuum PC treatment program introduced by EPRI in 2. Two forms of phosphate treatment are provided for under the PC programphosphate continuum low PCL and phosphate continuum high PCHbut there is no distinct boundary distinguishing the two treatments, necessitating the term continuum to describe the program. PCL treatment is designed for units using high quality demineralized makeup water using low levels 0. PCH treatment is designed for units using lower quality makeup water and increased amounts approximately 3 to 1. PC chemistry requires the addition of TSP and sodium hydroxide Na. OH to the steam drumsevaporators, ammonia andor an amine to the condensatefeedwater system to control the p. H of these streams, and possibly an oxygen scavenger to the condensatefeedwater system for dissolved oxygen control. The operating ranges of p. H and phosphate in the steam drumsevaporators are bounded by the ratio of sodium Na to phosphate PO4 3 and TSP 1 mgl Na. OH Figure 1. Caustic Treatment Programs. Caustic treatment CT programs have been used successfully in drum style units where difficulties with phosphate hideout have been experienced. CT programs have been historically more popular in European countries than in the U. S. many U. S. units abandoned the use of these treatment programs in the 1. Recently, however, this type of treatment program has been regaining popularity in the U. S. as plants investigate solutions to deal with the challenges encountered in utilizing phosphate treatment programs.